收养常见问题分析解答 Questions and Answers for Adoption

Question 1:

收养的基本原则？What are the basic principles of adoption?

Answer 2:

收养应当遵循最有利于被收养人的原则,保障被收养人和收养人的合法权益。禁止借收养名义买卖未成年人。

Adoption should follow the principle of being most beneficial to the adoptee and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the adoptee and the adopter. It is forbidden to buy or sell minors in the name of adoption.

Q2:

1、收养关系必须登记才受法律保护吗？

2、收养需要评估吗？

3、向哪个部门进行登记和评估？

1. Does the adoptive relationship have to be registered to be protected by law?

2. Does adoption need to be assessed?

3. To which department do you register and evaluate?

A2:

1、必须登记。

2、必须评估。

3、收养应当向县级以上人民政府民政部门登记并评估。收养关系自登记之日起成立。

1. It has to be registered.

2. It has to be evaluated.

3. Adoption shall be registered and assessed with the Civil Affairs Department of the people's government at or above the county level. The adoptive relationship shall be established as of the date of registration.

Q3: 谁有权作为送养人？Who has the right to be the person placing out the child for adoption?

A3:

下列公民、组织可以作送养人：

1、孤儿的监护人；

2、社会福利机构；

3、有特殊困难无力抚养子女的生父母。

The following citizens and organizations may be the person placing out the child for adoption:

1. Guardians of orphans;

2. Social welfare institutions;

3. Parents who have special difficulties and are unable to support their children.

Q4:

1、哪些未成年人可以被收养？

2、收养三代以内同辈旁系血亲的子女（含过继）有什么具体规定？

1. Which minors can be adopted?

2. What are the specific provisions for adopting children of collateral blood relatives of the same generation within three generations?

A4:

1、下列未成年人,可以被收养:

（1）丧失父母的孤儿；

（2）查找不到生父母的未成年人;

（3）生父母有特殊困难无力抚养的子女。

2、收养三代以内同辈旁系血亲的子女，可以不受下列规定限制：

（1）生父母有特殊困难无力抚养的子女。

（2）有特殊困难无力抚养子女的生父母。

（3）无配偶者收养异性子女的,收养人与被收养人的年龄应当相差四十周岁以上。

1. The following minors may be adopted:

(1) Orphans who have lost their parents;

(2) Minors whose parents cannot be found;

(3) Children whose parents have special difficulties and are unable to support.

2. The adoption of children of collateral blood relatives of the same generation within three generations is not subject to the following restrictions:

(1) Children whose parents have special difficulties and are unable to support.

(2) Parents who have special difficulties and are unable to support their children.

(3) If a person without a spouse adopts a child of the opposite sex, the age difference between the adopter and the adoptee shall be at least 40 years old.

Q5: 收养未成年人的，需要征得未成年人的同意吗？Does the adoption of minors require the consent of minors?

A5: 收养年满八周岁以上未成年人的，应当征得被收养人的同意。Where a minor over eight years old is adopted, the consent of the adoptee shall be obtained.

Q6:

1、生父母能够送养子女吗？

2、生父或生母单方能够送养子女吗？

3、离婚后孩子被一方送人收养，另一方有权要回孩子吗？

1. Can parents take care of their children?

2. Can the father or mother send out their children unilaterally?

3. After divorce, the child is adopted by one party. Does the other party have the right to take back the child?

A6:

1、生父母送养子女，须双方共同送养。

2、生父母一方不明或者查找不到的可以单方送养。

3、有权要回。

1. If the parents put out their children for adoption, they must put them out together.

2. If one of the parents is unknown or cannot be found, the child may be placed out for adoption unilaterally.

3. The party has the right to get it back.

Q7: 夫妻一方死亡，另一方将子女送养给他人，未经祖父母或外祖父母同意，其行为是否有效？

If the husband or the wife dies and the other puts out the child to others without the consent of the grandparents, is it effective?

A7:

送养行为无效。

1、配偶一方死亡，另一方送养未成年子女的，死亡一方的父母有优先抚养的权利。

2、审判实践中，夫妻一方死亡，另一方有抚养子女的能力而不愿尽抚养义务，以及另一方无抚养能力，且子女已经由有抚养能力，又愿意抚养的祖父母、外祖父母抚养的，为送养子女发生争议时，从有利于子女健康成长考虑，子女由祖父母或外祖父母继续抚养应当受到法律支持。

The adopting behavior is ineffective.

1. If one spouse dies and the other puts out a minor child for adoption, the parents of the deceased shall have the priority to bring up the child.

2. In the trial practice, if one of the husband and wife dies, the other party has the ability to support their children but is unwilling to fulfill the obligation of supporting them, and the other party has no ability to support their children, and their children have been supported by grandparents and grandparents who have the ability to support and are willing to support them, when there is a dispute about sending out their children for adoption, the grandparents or grandparents should continue to support their children in consideration of the healthy growth of their children Supported by the law.

Q8: 祖父母或外祖父母对未成年的孙子女、外孙子女有抚养义务吗？Do grandparents or grandparents have the obligation to support their grandchildren or grandchildren?

A8: 有负担能力的祖父母、外祖父母，对于父母已经死亡或父母无力抚养的未成年的孙子女、外孙子女，有抚养的义务。Grandparents and grandparents who can afford it shall have the obligation to bring up their minor grandchildren and grandchildren whose parents have died or whose parents are unable to bring them up.

Q9: 未成年人的父母均不具备完全民事行为能力的，该未成年人的监护人能将未成年人送养吗？If the parents of a minor do not have full capacity for civil conduct, can the guardian of the minor place the minor out for adoption?

A9: 该未成年人的监护人不得将其送养，但父母对该未成年人有严重危害可能的除外.

The guardian of the minor may not place him out for adoption, except where his parents may seriously harm the minor.

Q10: 监护人送养未成年孤儿的，有什么具体要求？What are the specific requirements for guardians to place out minor orphans?

A10:

1、监护人应当征得有抚养义务的人同意。

2、有抚养义务的人不同意送养、监护人不愿意继续履行监护职责的，应当依照《民法典》的规定变更监护人。

1. A guardian shall obtain the consent of the person who has the obligation to support him.

2. If the person who has the obligation to support does not agree to put out the child for adoption, or the guardian is unwilling to continue to perform the duty of guardianship, the guardian shall be changed in accordance with the provisions of the civil code.

Q11: 孤儿或者生父母无力抚养的子女，由生父母的亲属、朋友抚养，这种抚养关系能算作收养关系吗？Orphans or children whose parents are unable to support are supported by relatives or friends of their parents. Can this relationship be regarded as adoption?

A11: 抚养人与被抚养人的关系不适用收养关系。 Adoptive relationship is not applicable to the relationship between the foster and the dependant.

Q12: 外国人在中国收养子女有什么要求？What are the requirements for foreigners to adopt children in China?

A12:

1、外国人在中国收养子女，应当经其所在国主管机关依照该国法律审查同意。收养人应当提供由其所在国有权机构出具的有关收养人的年龄、婚姻、职业、财产、健康、有无受过刑事处罚等状况的证明材料，该证明材料应当经其所在国外交机关或者外交机关授权的机构认证，并经中华人民共和国驻该国使领馆认证。

2、该收养人应当与送养人订立书面协议，亲自向省级人民政府民政部门登记。

3、允许夫妻双方共同收养，也允许单身收养，但不允许其他身份关系（含同性恋）的两个人共同收养一个孩子。

4、收养关系当事人各方或者一方要求办理收养公证的,应当办理收养公证。

1. The adoption of a child by a foreigner in China shall be subject to the examination and approval of the competent authorities of the country where the foreigner is located in accordance with the laws of that country. The adopter shall provide the proof of the adopter's age, marriage, occupation, property, health, criminal punishment, etc. issued by the competent organ of the state where the adopter is located. The proof shall be certified by the organ authorized by the foreign affairs organ or diplomatic organ where the adopter is located, and by the embassy or consulate of the people's Republic of China in that country.

2. The adopter shall conclude a written agreement with the person placing out the child for adoption and register in person with the Civil Affairs Department of the provincial people's government.

3. Both husband and wife are allowed to adopt together, and single adoption is also allowed, but two people with other status (including homosexuality) are not allowed to adopt a child together.

4. If the parties or one of the parties to the adoptive relationship requests notarization of the adoption, notarization of the adoption shall be conducted.

Q13: 收养登记具体流程？What is the specific process of adoption registration?

A13:

【1】当事人提出《收养登记申请书》。

【2】当事人持有的证件、证明材料符合规定。收养人和被收养人应当提交2张2寸近期半身免冠合影照片。送养人应当提交2张2寸近期半身免冠合影或者单人照片，社会福利机构送养的除外。

【3】收养登记员要分别询问或者调查收养人、送养人、年满10周岁以上的被收养人和其他应当询问或者调查的人。

【4】 收养查找不到生父母的弃婴、弃儿的，收养登记机关应当在登记前公告查找其生父母。

【5】颁发收养登记证。

【1】 The party concerned filed an application for adoption registration.

【2】 The certificates and supporting materials held by the parties meet the requirements. The adopter and the adoptee shall submit two 2-inch recent half length bareheaded group photos. The person placing out the child for adoption shall submit two 2-inch recent half length bareheaded group photos or single photo, except for those placed out by social welfare institutions.

【3】 The adoption registrant shall respectively inquire or investigate the adopter, the person placing out the child for adoption, the adopted person over 10 years old and other persons who should inquire or investigate.

【4】 In the case of adoption of an abandoned child or an abandoned child whose parents can not be found, the adoption registration authority shall make a public announcement to find their parents before registration.

【5】 Issue the adoption registration certificate.